Surface fields and power dissipation.Resonant circuits are very commonly found in the many types of device where ac signals and fields are generated or used. One important class of resonator, used in a number of industrial and scientific applications, is the conducting cavity. Unlike the lumped element components usually found in electronic circuits, the cavity resonator is a distributed structure, in which the fields vary over its volume. Hence its electrical properties are determined by its size and shape, as well as by the properties of the materials used in its construction; by tailoring the size and shape, cavities can be designed to support particular modes at defined frequencies. These modal frequencies can be determined with high accuracy, and low losses can be achieved, leading to high quality factors, features that make them good candidates for frequency-determining components where precision is critical. This is particularly so at high frequencies, where cavity sizes are reducing, and the performance of competing lumped element components has degraded. - 表面字段和功率耗散。谐振电路中的许多类型的交流信号和字段生成或使用的设备非常常见。一类重要的谐振腔，在大量的工业和科学应用程序中使用是导体空腔。集总的元件与组件不同通常发现在电子电路中，谐振腔是一个分布式的结构，字段随其体积。由其大小和形状，以及其施工中所用材料的特性，因此决定它的电学性质由裁缝的大小和形状，腔可以旨在支持在定义频率的特定模式。精度高，就可以确定这些模态频率，可以实现低损耗，导致高质量的因素，使他们很好的候选频率确定功能组件精度是关键。特别是在高频率，哪里减少腔大小和竞争集中器件性能的组件已经退化。